分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)(guang)纖測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是近來逐步發(fa)展起來的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)用(yong)于(yu)實時(shi)測(ce)(ce)量空間溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)場的(de)新技(ji)(ji)術，可(ke)以連續(xu)實時(shi)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)光(guang)(guang)纖沿線十幾公里范圍內各點(dian)(dian)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)采集點(dian)(dian)達上萬(wan)個，定位精度(du)(du)達到(dao)(dao)到(dao)(dao)1m，測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)精度(du)(du)可(ke)達±1℃，測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)范圍：- 20℃到(dao)(dao) +150℃，非常適用(yong)于(yu)煤(mei)(mei)礦井(jing)(jing)下(xia)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)這(zhe)樣的(de)大(da)范圍、惡劣環(huan)境、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)多的(de)場合。目前(qian)常用(yong)的(de)煤(mei)(mei)礦電(dian)(dian)氣設備溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)方(fang)法主(zhu)要有：人工(gong)紅外感應槍巡檢、熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)式測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和熱電(dian)(dian)偶式測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。傳統(tong)(tong)測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)方(fang)法存在(zai)無法實時(shi)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)、穩定性(xing)差、絕(jue)緣性(xing)差、現(xian)場環(huan)境危(wei)險、受(shou)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾大(da)、采用(yong)模擬(ni)量傳輸(shu)損(sun)耗大(da)、測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)精度(du)(du)低等(deng)缺點(dian)(dian)。針對(dui)煤(mei)(mei)礦井(jing)(jing)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)氣火災事故的(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)及特點(dian)(dian), 福(fu)州華光(guang)(guang)天銳自主(zhu)研(yan)發(fa)了分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)(guang)纖測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)技(ji)(ji)術對(dui)井(jing)(jing)下(xia)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)全方(fang)位進行(xing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)預警(jing)，甚至(zhi)對(dui)于(yu)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)非一(yi)類重要負荷可(ke)在(zai)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)幅度(du)(du)達到(dao)(dao)燃點(dian)(dian)之前(qian)給予斷電(dian)(dian)閉鎖(suo)的(de)反饋控(kong)(kong)制方(fang)案(an)。

分布式光纖測溫系統原理

分布式光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)測溫(wen)是指(zhi)：綜合利(li)(li)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉曼(man)散(san)(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)（Raman）和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)時域反射(she)(she)測量(liang)(liang)技術(shu)（OTDR）來(lai)獲(huo)得空間溫(wen)度(du)(du)分布信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)監測系統。生(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)物(wu)理量(liang)(liang)，如溫(wen)度(du)(du)、壓力和(he)張力，可(ke)以(yi)影響玻璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)并且局部地改變(bian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)傳(chuan)輸特(te)性。由于通過散(san)(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)可(ke)以(yi)使石英(ying)玻璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)發生(sheng)衰減，由此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)確定外部物(wu)理效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置，使得光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)可(ke)用(yong)作線(xian)性傳(chuan)感器(qi)。熱效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)在(zai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)石英(ying)固(gu)體中(zhong)(zhong)引起晶(jing)格振(zhen)蕩。當(dang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)落到這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)熱激發的(de)(de)(de)(de)分子(zi)振(zhen)蕩上時，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)粒(li)子(zi)和(he)晶(jing)體分子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電子(zi)之間發生(sheng)相(xiang)互作用(yong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)散(san)(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)，也稱為拉曼(man)散(san)(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)，與(yu)(yu)入射(she)(she)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)不(bu)同(tong)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)譜位(wei)移量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)當(dang)于晶(jing)格振(zhen)蕩的(de)(de)(de)(de)共振(zhen)頻率。從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)散(san)(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)回的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)包含(han)三種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)譜：瑞利(li)(li)散(san)(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，斯(si)(si)托克(ke)(ke)斯(si)(si)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)和(he)反斯(si)(si)托克(ke)(ke)斯(si)(si)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，反斯(si)(si)托克(ke)(ke)斯(si)(si)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)帶(dai)有很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)依賴性，而斯(si)(si)托克(ke)(ke)斯(si)(si)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)幾乎與(yu)(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)無關，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)受外部溫(wen)度(du)(du)影響使光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反斯(si)(si)托克(ke)(ke)斯(si)(si)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)發生(sheng)變(bian)化，反斯(si)(si)托克(ke)(ke)斯(si)(si)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強與(yu)(yu)斯(si)(si)托克(ke)(ke)斯(si)(si)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)比值可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)來(lai)標定溫(wen)度(du)(du)，利(li)(li)用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)一原理可(ke)以(yi)實現光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)沿途各(ge)點溫(wen)度(du)(du)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布式測量(liang)(liang)。

光(guang)(guang)時域(yu)反射(she)測量技術(shu)即（OTDR），其原理是(shi)：向被測光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)發(fa)出光(guang)(guang)脈沖，產生拉(la)曼散(san)射(she)效應，形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)背向散(san)射(she)光(guang)(guang)向后傳(chuan)播(bo)至光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)的(de)起始端(duan)（也就是(shi)光(guang)(guang)脈沖的(de)注入端(duan)），由于每個背向傳(chuan)播(bo)的(de)散(san)射(she)光(guang)(guang)都對應光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)上的(de)一個散(san)射(she)點，因此根(gen)據(ju)其傳(chuan)播(bo)時間即可判斷出光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)上發(fa)生散(san)射(she)點的(de)位置。

近年來(lai)(lai)，我國煤(mei)礦(kuang)機電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的使用(yong)數量逐步增多(duo)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)復(fu)雜，線(xian)路長(chang)、分支多(duo)，電(dian)(dian)壓等級高、設備(bei)臺數多(duo)、功率大(da)，沿線(xian)開關、接線(xian)盒(he)等節點(dian)多(duo)的現實情況給煤(mei)礦(kuang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)帶來(lai)(lai)更大(da)的火(huo)(huo)災(zai)隱患(huan)。在煤(mei)礦(kuang)生產(chan)實踐(jian)中，很多(duo)固(gu)定敷設的纜(lan)線(xian)使用(yong)年限久，絕緣老化，電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)接頭接觸不(bu)良，加之(zhi)缺乏有效(xiao)巡(xun)檢(jian)和及時(shi)維護(hu)，容易引(yin)起(qi)漏電(dian)(dian)打火(huo)(huo)產(chan)生火(huo)(huo)災(zai)；另外高壓開關或接線(xian)盒(he)腔體內(nei)觸頭接觸不(bu)良，也容易引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)打火(huo)(huo)，設備(bei)內(nei)部元件過熱引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災(zai)。以上這些都(dou)是(shi)煤(mei)礦(kuang)電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災(zai)的主要原(yuan)因。煤(mei)礦(kuang)井下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)或高低壓開關設備(bei)著火(huo)(huo)引(yin)發的重大(da)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)事故(gu)嚴(yan)重威脅煤(mei)礦(kuang)安全。

分(fen)布式光纖測溫(wen)系統針對(dui)井下幾種不同(tong)的測溫(wen)對(dui)象(xiang)，進行了相應的光纜敷設方案設計(ji)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)纜敷設煤(mei)礦井下的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)屬于(yu)纜線連接(jie)的(de)薄弱點，極易發生短路或漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過熱現象(xiang)，針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)人工制作比較粗大的(de)特點，采用測溫光(guang)纜雙(shuang)環纏(chan)繞方式固定在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)端及(ji)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)處，可使其(qi)充分緊密接(jie)觸，對整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)溫度監測更密集、更靈敏(min)。

電纜接頭的測溫光纖布設方式、電纜橋架中探測光纜的安裝、電纜槽內測溫光纖布設方式都有對應的解決方案。
煤礦井下各類纜線在實際敷設過程中為了美觀和達到標準化要求，較多地采用橋架封閉安裝。這給電纜的散熱和人工測溫造成極大的不便，針對此類監測對象的特點，光纜安裝采用 S 型曲線方式鋪設，橋架中電纜的溫度就可以實時掌握。
采用電纜鉤吊掛的電纜的溫度監測方式
煤礦井下(xia)現場各類電(dian)纜往(wang)往(wang)通過電(dian)纜鉤成排吊(diao)(diao)掛，此時(shi)采(cai)取每根電(dian)纜緊(jin)密貼合布置一根光纜，煤礦井下(xia)成排吊(diao)(diao)掛的電(dian)纜測溫光纖布設(she)方式

高壓開關柜靜觸頭(tou)、母(mu)排溫度在線監測

煤礦地面各變配電所高壓開關柜、井下防爆高開、移動變壓器、組合開關、變頻器等箱體式電氣設備都可采用光纖繞盤固定的安裝方式，對特定危險點重點監測，
煤礦在應用光纖(xian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)系統(tong)后，在其井下(xia)15.7km 巷道范圍內，總(zong)計約 57260m 長(chang)的各類高低壓電纜沿(yan)途(tu)，共布置(zhi)了 6314 個溫(wen)(wen)度監測(ce)(ce)(ce)點，測(ce)(ce)(ce)點分布之(zhi)廣、監測(ce)(ce)(ce)信(xin)息量之(zhi)大、傳輸距離之(zhi)長(chang)是(shi)傳統(tong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)方式(shi)遠遠不能(neng)(neng)達到的。另外光纖(xian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)系統(tong)的本安性(xing)、耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)、耐(nai)高壓、抗電磁干擾性(xing)能(neng)(neng)特別優異(yi)，并且能(neng)(neng)夠自(zi)動檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)光纜斷(duan)點精確位置(zhi)，為系統(tong)快速修復提供便(bian)利。

高壓開關柜內測溫光纖布設方式
在安全(quan)(quan)和經濟效(xiao)益方面，光(guang)纖(xian)測溫(wen)系統有效(xiao)解決(jue)了傳統煤(mei)礦(kuang)電(dian)工因工作量大(da)、疏忽大(da)意、責(ze)任心不(bu)足等(deng)因素，造成(cheng)的(de)(de)人工巡查(cha)不(bu)到位(wei)，火(huo)災隱患(huan)發現不(bu)及(ji)時（往(wang)往(wang)等(deng)到冒煙時才能發現）的(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)隱患(huan)，給煤(mei)礦(kuang)大(da)大(da)節(jie)省了人力成(cheng)本，提高了煤(mei)礦(kuang)井(jing)下供電(dian)系統的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)可靠性。